; Helpfile for Freeciv
;
; Each [help_*] is a help node.
;
; 'name' = name of node as shown in help browser; the number of leading 
;          spaces in 'name' indicates nesting level for display.
;
; 'text' = the helptext for this node; can be an array of text, which
;	   are then treated as paragraphs.  (Rationale: easier to update
;	   translations on paragraph level.)
;
; 'generate' = means replace this node with generated list of game
;	       elements; current categories are: 
;	          "Units", "Improvements", "Wonders", "Techs", 
;		  "Terrain", "Governments", "Ruleset", "Nations"
;              As for 'name', the number of spaces before the category
;              name indicates nesting level for display.
;
; Within the text, the help engine recognizes a few "generated table"s.  
; These are generated by the help engine, and inserted at the point of 
; reference.  They are referenced by placing a $ in the first column
; of a separate paragraph, followed immediately with the name of the 
; generated table.  See the code in helpdlg.c for the names of tables
; which can be referenced.
;
; This file no longer has a max line length: strings are wrapped 
; internally.  However to do non-wrapping formatting, make sure to 
; insert hard newlines "\n" such that lines are less than 68 chars 
; long.
;  This marks 68 char limit -------------------------------------->|
;
; Notice not all entries are marked for i18n, as some are not 
; appropriate to translate.
;
; Comments with c-style comments are just to stop xgettext from 
; complaining about stray single-quote characters.

[help_overview]
; /* TRANS: "Overview" topic in built-in help */
name = _("?help:Overview")
text = _("\
Freeciv is a turn-based strategy game, in which each player becomes \
the leader of a civilization. You compete against several opponents to \
found cities, use them to support a military and economy, and finally \
to complete an empire that survives all encounters with its neighbors \
to emerge victorious. Each opponent may be either another human or be \
controlled by the computer. All players begin at the dawn of history \
with a handful of units -- typically with an explorer and a couple of \
settlers in 4000 BC -- and race to expand outward from those humble \
beginnings.\
"), _("\
Achieving success requires a balance between economic expansion, \
military strength, and technological development. Not only must you \
develop all three in concert to both expand and successfully defend \
your empire, but any of the three may provide victory over your \
opponents:\
"), _("\
 - As in other games of conquest and expansion, you are declared the \
winner by default once the last city and unit of every other \
civilization is destroyed.\
"), _("\
 - Once technological progress has brought you into the space age, \
you may launch a spacecraft destined for Alpha Centauri; the \
first civilization whose craft reaches the system wins.\
"), _("\
 - In the absence of other means to determine victory, the game will \
end in the year 2000 AD if no spacecraft have yet been launched. The \
surviving civilizations are then rated, and the one with the highest \
score is the winner.\
")

[help_strategy_and_tactics]
name = _("Strategy and tactics")
text = _("\
While every game is different, there's a basic strategy which most \
players follow, especially at the start of the game.\
"), _("\
These steps may vary depending upon the server options, but in \
general, the steps are: \
"), _("\
 0. Choosing the first city site.\n\
 1. Mapping the countryside.\n\
 2. Defending the cities.\n\
 3. Deciding which units to build first.\n\
 4. Building agriculture improvements.\n\
 5. Deciding where to build cities.\n\
 6. Taking care of the cities.\n\
 7. Interacting with other players (diplomacy).\n\
 8. Exploring the world.\n\
 9. Things to keep in mind.\n\
10. Making your own strategy for the game.\n\
"), _("\
 0. Choosing the first city site.\
\n\n\
    Start the game by wandering around BRIEFLY to find a good place \
to build the first city.  Don't feel tempted to investigate any \
yellow-roofed villages yet - they might contain barbarian \
tribes.  Build the city close to resources and perhaps close to \
the sea.  Keep in mind that the city you build first will be \
your capital!  The idea is to balance the quality of the site you \
find against getting your first city established as early \
as possible.\
"), _("\
 1. Mapping the countryside.\
\n\n\
    After the capital city has been founded, it will start producing \
a warrior unit.  These units can be used to rove around \
exploring the countryside.  Remember, it is risky to leave a \
city undefended, so perhaps keep the first warrior in the city, \
and use the following one to explore.  If you started the game \
with an explorer unit, use that to explore, obviously!\
"), _("\
 2. Defending the cities.\
\n\n\
    At this point, defend your cities by always leaving a warrior \
unit in them.  As your civilization develops units with a \
greater defense strength, replace the obsolete units with new \
ones to ensure your cities have maximum defense.  The units most \
often used for defense are (in order of strength):  Warrior, \
Phalanx, Pikemen, Musketeers, and Riflemen.\
"), ; /* xgettext:no-c-format */
_("\
    Keep in mind that with some types of government, military units \
inside or outside cities can reduce or create unhappiness. \
Also remember that when a unit is inside a city, it gets a 50% \
defensive bonus, as if fortified.  When a new city is built, \
the city starts to build the best available defensive unit from \
the above list.\
"), _("\
 3. Deciding which units to build first.\
\n\n\
    After building one or two Warrior units, start building \
Settlers.  The second Settler can be used to build roads and \
irrigate the land close to the city, and the third can be \
used to build a new city.  Or, you can use the second Settler to \
build another city, and use the third Settler for agricultural \
improvements in the land around the cities.  Keep in mind \
that a large population increases both the amount of \
productivity and your civilization's research rate.\
"), _("\
 4. Building agriculture improvements.\
\n\n\
    Each city has an area of land around it that can be used \
for growing food, producing goods, and generating trade.  This \
can be increased by using Settlers to improve the land. \
The land can be improved with roads, irrigation, mines, and \
others.\
"), _("\
 5. Deciding where to build cities.\
\n\n\
    The best location for a city is a matter of taste.  A city which \
is placed near the sea is easier to spot by opponents, but can \
also serve as a port for sea-going units.  (They also usually \
need a coastal defense later on.)  The best strategy is to build \
a few of both, but keep in mind that your opponents will find it \
harder to locate your city if you don't build it by the sea.\
"), _("\
 6. Taking care of the cities.\
\n\n\
    Every city has a band of citizens.  The number of citizens \
depends on the city's population.  When you click on a city, you \
can see how the land around the city is being used.  You can \
assign your citizens to the land, or they can be specialists that \
contribute to your civilization in other ways.  Especially at the \
start of the game, care should be taken to ensure that the citizens \
are employed so that they maximize growth, trade and production.\
"), _("\
    If too much food is being generated, a citizen can be taken off \
the land by clicking on the occupied land tile.  This \
citizen can then be transferred to the other duties mentioned \
previously.\
"), _("\
    If you move all of your citizens into the city and right-click \
on the central tile of the land, the citizens will be \
rearranged to maximize food production.\
"), 
;     Above: probably some other AI maximization choice now  --dwp
_("\
    The golden rule of taking care of a city is that there should be \
at least as many happy citizens as unhappy citizens.  A city \
where this is not so falls into disorder; such cities are labeled \
with a raised fist or a lightning bolt (depending on the tileset).  \
Take care not to let this happen to any of your cities, as cities in \
disorder produce nothing, and are prone to revolt.\
"), _("\
 7. Interacting with other players (diplomacy).\
\n\n\
    When one of your units first meets a unit of another nation, or \
finds one of their cities (or equally if they find you), a basic \
contact is established between the two nations.  This provides each \
with basic intelligence about the other, which can be accessed from \
the `Nations' report.\
"), _("\
    This communication will lapse after a set number of turns with \
no contact.  Establishing an embassy will give a more permanent \
communication channel, as well as more advanced intelligence such \
as details of technology.  Embassies are one-way - the nation \
hosting the embassy receives no benefit - and once established, \
cannot be revoked.\
"), _("\
    If you are in contact with another player, then you can arrange \
a diplomatic meeting.  From the `Nations' report, this is done by \
clicking on the nation with whom you wish to meet and selecting \
`Meet'.  If the entry under the embassy column is not blank and the \
other player is connected (or is a server AI) then a treaty dialog \
will pop up.\
"), _("\
    In this dialog you can negotiate an exchange of assets (maps, \
vision, advances, cities, or gold), embassies, or binding pacts \
such as a cease-fire or peace.  There is no need to trade like for \
like; you can trade, say, an advance or city for gold - you can \
consider this buying and selling.\
"), _("\
    Pacts affect where your units can go and what they can do, \
and a pact with one nation can affect your relations with others.  \
Under authoritarian governments such as Monarchy you can break a \
pact at any time, but the representative governments (Republic and \
Democracy) have a senate which will block the unprovoked \
cancellation of a treaty; unless a foreign Diplomat or Spy sparks \
a diplomatic incident, the only way to dissolve a pact in this \
situation is to dissolve your government.  The details of pacts are \
described in the Diplomacy section.\
"), _("\
    A couple of notes:\
"), _("\
   - You can't give away your capital.\
"), _("\
   - You can only request property that you know about; so you \
can't request technology unless you have an embassy, and if \
you can't see a city on your map, then you can't request it.  \
Of course, the owner of that city can still give it to \
you, in which case the area around the city is shown \
on your map.\
"), _("\
   - One important thing to note: when a city is transferred, \
any units in the field and supported by that city are also \
transferred (but not those sitting in other cities).  So make \
sure the other player isn't getting a better deal than you expect.\
"), _("\
 8. Exploring the world.\
\n\n\
    After you have fortified your cities with troops, build Triremes \
in the cities near the sea.  Use the Triremes to map the world \
in search of opponents and new lands.  If you are on an island, \
you should spend less on military and more on expansion.  Or if \
you are located close to an opponent, it is truly a good idea to \
make a peace treaty and share the advances you have made. \
Diplomatic units are very useful here, and WILL pay off later.\
"), _("\
 9. Things to keep in mind.\
\n\n\
  - What the next advance you'll need is.\
\n\n\
  - What your tax, luxury and research rates are currently set to.\
\n\n\
  - Treaties are often broken, so don't neglect defense...\
\n\n\
  - Some wonders can be made obsolete by the development of \
certain advances.\
"), _("\
 10. Making your own strategy for the game.\
\n\n\
    These basic concepts will allow you to play the game pretty \
well, especially in the beginning of the game.  But to improve, \
you need to study the various units and advances, and PRACTICE, \
PRACTICE, PRACTICE!  Freeciv has many twists, so if you haven't \
played a similar game before, try consulting the Freeciv WWW \
pages at:\
"), "\
  http://www.freeciv.org/\
", _("\
You'll find more tips for playing, and details of how to contact \
other players.\
")

[help_terrain]
name = _("Terrain")
text = _("\
Terrain serves three roles: the theater upon which your units battle \
rival civilizations, the landscape across which your units travel, and \
the medium which your cities work to produce resources. The different \
types of terrain each have different strengths and drawbacks; see the \
sections on each terrain type for details.\
"), _("\
Terrain affects combat very simply: when a land unit is attacked, its \
defense strength is multiplied by the defense factor (\"bonus\") of the \
terrain beneath it. See the help section on Combat for further \
details.\
"), _("\
Terrain complicates the movement of land units -- sea and air units \
always expend one movement point to move one tile, but moving onto \
rough terrain such as Mountains can cost land units more.\
"), _("\
Tiles within range of a city may be worked by that city to produce \
food, production, and trade points, and the quantity of each produced \
depends on the terrain. These three products are so important that we \
specify the output of a tile simply by listing them with slashes in \
between: for example, \"1/2/0\" describes a tile that each turn when \
it is being worked produces one food point, two production points, and \
no trade points. In addition to the characteristic output of the \
terrain, some tiles have an additional special resource that boosts \
one or two of the products. See the Economy section for more \
information on the use of these products.\
"), _("\
The net benefit of a tile for your city depends on your government \
type as well as city improvements and wonders.\
"), _("\
It is possible for your units to change the terrain and hence its \
effects; see the section on Terrain Alterations for more details. \
City centers (the tile a city is on) get some of these benefits for \
free; see the section on Cities for more detail.\
")

[help_gen_terrain]
generate = " Terrain"

[help_terrain_alterations]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Terrain Alterations")
text = _("\
Settlers, Workers, and Engineers have the ability to alter terrain \
tiles in several ways.\
"), _("\
Irrigation systems can be built on suitable types of terrain. \
Irrigation causes a tile to produce some extra food each turn. \
Building irrigation requires a nearby source of water: an Ocean, Lake, \
or River tile, or another tile with an irrigation system, must share \
an edge (not just a corner) with the target tile. Once irrigated, land \
remains so even if the water source is removed. Given sufficient \
technology, you may upgrade the irrigation system on a tile into even \
more productive Farmland by irrigating it a second time.\
"), _("\
Mines can be built on some types of terrain, which increases the \
number of production points (shields) produced by that tile. However, \
it is not possible to have irrigation and a mine on the same tile.\
"), _("\
Terrain not suitable for irrigation systems or mines can often be \
permanently converted into a type more suitable to the player's needs, \
although this usually takes longer. Converting terrain from one type \
to another in this way may destroy an existing mine or irrigation \
system, if the resulting terrain is unsuitable for the improvement, \
and may also remove special resources if they were specific to the \
original terrain type.\
"), _("\
 - Settlers and Workers have a limited range of terrain conversions \
available to them, initiated by issuing the \"irrigate\" or \"mine\" \
orders when on terrain which cannot support the requested improvement; \
see the table below. (Converting one kind of terrain into another with \
the \"irrigate\" order does not require a water source.)\
"), _("\
 - Engineers can perform a much wider range of transformations on \
almost any type of terrain by issuing the \"transform\" order. \
In some rulesets, Engineers on board sea-going vessels can even \
reclaim land from water tiles, and similarly land can be transformed \
to ocean, although such radical transformations may require a certain \
number of surrounding tiles to already be land or water respectively. \
(Units will move to safe neighboring tiles when the transformation \
takes place, if possible.)\
"), _("\
Roads can be built on any land tile, even if there are other \
improvements on that tile. (To build a road on a River tile, though, \
you must know Bridge Building.) With the appropriate advance, roads \
may later be upgraded to railroads. Roads and railroads allow your \
units to move more quickly, and they increase the resources produced \
in cities.\
"), _("\
 - Units use only one third of a movement point when going from one \
tile to an adjacent tile, if both tiles have a road.\
"), _("\
 - Units expend no movement points when moving along a railroad. \
You may ride a railroad indefinitely. (As may your enemies!)\
"), _("\
 - A road may increase the trade resources produced by some types of \
terrain. This effect is retained when a road is upgraded to a \
railroad.\
"), _("\
 - A railroad additionally increases the shield resources produced by \
a tile by 50%. (Depending on server options, railroads may also \
increase food and trade resources, or may increase shield resources by \
an amount other than 50%.)\
"), _("\
Technology advances allow other kinds of structures to be built, \
sometimes known as \"bases\"; see the following sections for details.\
"), _("\
The following table shows the number of turns required for one unit \
of Settlers or Workers to complete an activity. These numbers are \
reduced to half (rounded up) for Engineers. The time taken can be \
reduced further by several units working together as a team; if two or \
more units are working on the same task on the same tile, their \
efforts will be added together each turn until the task is finished. \
Be careful not to dedicate too many units to one task, though; excess \
effort can be wasted, and a group of Settlers, Workers, and/or \
Engineers is highly vulnerable to enemy attacks.\
"), "\
$TerrainAlterations\
"

[help_gen_bases]
generate = "  Bases"

[help_pillaging]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading spaces: they control nesting */
name = _("  Pillaging")
text = _("\
Many units -- in the default rules, all land units -- have the ability \
to destroy terrain alterations, by pillaging. Pillaging removes one \
terrain alteration per turn per unit. Depending upon the ruleset, \
you may be given a choice of which terrain alteration to pillage, or \
they will be pillaged in the following order:\
"), _("\
 - farmland\n\
 - irrigation\n\
 - mining\n\
 - a base (fortress, airbase, ...)\n\
 - a railroad\n\
 - a road\
"), _("\
Tiles that do not have such terrain alterations cannot be pillaged. \
In addition, terrain conversions and transformations cannot be \
undone by pillaging. For example, if you have irrigated a Forest \
tile to convert it into a Plain, pillaging will not convert it back \
into a Forest -- to do so, you would have to convert the tile again \
with a Settler, Worker, or Engineer.\
")

[help_villages]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Villages")
text = _("\
Villages (also called \"huts\") are primitive communities spread \
across the world at the beginning of the game. Any land unit can enter \
a village, making the village disappear and deliver a random response. \
If the village proves hostile, it could produce barbarians or the unit \
entering may simply be destroyed. If they are friendly, the player \
could receive gold, a new technology, a military unit (occasionally a \
settler; and sometimes a unit that the player cannot yet create), or \
even a new city.\
"), _("\
Later in the game, helicopters may also enter villages, but overflight \
by other aircraft will cause the villagers to take fright and disband.\
")

[help_borders]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" National Borders")
text = _("\
If enabled on the server, each nation has borders, which can be seen \
as dotted lines on the map. Borders determine what land your citizens \
can work and where you can found new cities, and whether your units \
are considered to be aggressively deployed by your citizens (see the \
section on Happiness). Borders also come into play when there is a \
diplomatic pact between nations (see the section on Diplomacy).\
"), _("\
Founding a city establishes a claim on an area of land around the \
city. Once claimed, a tile that can be directly worked by a city can \
not change ownership unless the city does (or is destroyed). However, \
the ownership of land that is out of range of any city can change \
depending on factors such as the relative size of nearby nations' \
cities.\
"), _("\
Borders can only extend into water for tiles adjacent to a city; other \
water tiles remain unclaimed territory.\
"), _("\
Bases can also extend national borders. See the help on Terrain \
Alterations for more details.\
")

[help_economy]
name = _("Economy")
text = _("\
The products which your cities extract from the surrounding terrain \
are the fountain from which your civilization is watered. There are \
three types of products: food points, production points, and trade \
points. The following sections describe each of these resources along \
with its properties, uses, and limitations.\
")

[help_food]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Food")
text = _("\
Your population needs food to survive. Each citizen requires two food \
points per turn; in addition, some units (such as Settlers in the \
default ruleset) may require food points from the city supporting \
them.\
"), _("\
Every city has a granary for storing food points (the building called \
a Granary in the default ruleset only enhances this capability). \
Cities producing more food than they require accumulate the surplus in \
their granary, while those producing less than they require deplete \
their granary. When food is needed but none remains, the city \
population starves, killing food-consuming units first, followed by \
citizens, until the food deficit ends.\
"), _("\
Excess food can increase the population: the city granary has a \
limited capacity, and once full the city grows by one citizen and the \
granary starts again at empty. But since granary capacity increases \
with population, each citizen is more costly than the last, making \
this mode of growth important only for small cities. (An alternative \
way for cities to grow is \"rapture\", described in the section on \
Happiness.)\
")

[help_production]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Production")
text = _("\
Production points (also known as \"shields\") represent manufacturing \
output. Most units require production points as upkeep, and demand \
them from their home city, although under autocratic regimes each city \
supports a few units for free. If city production drops too low, the \
units that cannot be supported are automatically disbanded. Units can \
also be disbanded at any time. If a unit is disbanded while in a city, \
half of its production cost will be put towards that city's surplus.\
"), _("\
Production points in excess of any required by the city's units are \
put towards whichever unit, building, or wonder has been selected as \
the city's current product. Just as food points accumulate in the city \
granary and yield a citizen when it reaches full, so production points \
accumulate until the cost of the product has been achieved. Products \
appear in their city when complete -- units appear on the map while \
improvements and wonders are added to their city's list of structures. \
Any leftover production points remain available to be applied towards \
the next project.\
"), _("\
In the default ruleset, a city can build at most one product per turn, \
regardless of its production surplus. However, in some rulesets, \
factors such as city size and technology may enable a single city to \
produce more than one unit in a single turn under certain conditions. \
A city with multiple \"build slots\", ordered to build a unit, can build \
as many of that single kind of unit per turn as its production surplus \
allows, up to the number of slots. Units which cost city population to \
build are an exception to this rule; they can only be built singly, as \
can buildings.\
"), _("\
A city can be given a list of several products to build in its \
\"worklist\", avoiding the need to pay attention to it every few \
turns. Each item on the worklist represents a single product (such as \
a unit); the city will work through them in order. When a city has \
finished all the work you have given it to do, it will try to build \
the last item again if possible, otherwise it will choose a new target \
itself. If a city is currently producing gold (building Coinage in the \
default rules), an activity which never completes, putting an item on \
its worklist will cause it to stop producing gold and start working on \
the new item next turn. In rulesets which permit it, a city may take \
several units of the same type off its worklist in a single turn, but \
if a different kind of item is reached, production pauses until the \
following turn. This can be used to limit the number of units produced \
by highly productive cities.\
"), _("\
Each player is free to build any products that his technology has made \
available, with a few restrictions; see the sections on Units, City \
Improvements, and Wonders of the World for more information. Be \
careful -- the game even gives you the freedom to produce units you \
cannot support and buildings whose upkeep you cannot afford, both of \
which will be disbanded immediately after completion.\
"), _("\
You can always change the product on which a city is working, though \
you lose half of the accumulated production points when switching from \
a building, unit, or wonder to a product from one of the other two \
categories. You can spend gold to complete a project in one turn by \
hitting the Buy button on the city dialog.\
"), _("\
Some production points may be lost to waste, although there is no \
waste in the default rules. Waste can result in your cities not \
building anything.\
"), _("\
Cities with a large production output generate pollution; see the \
section on Cities for more information.\
")

[help_trade]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Trade")
text = _("\
Trade points reflect wealth generated in each city by external \
commerce. Some trade points may be lost to corruption, which varies \
among forms of government, and tends to increase with distance from \
your capital city. Each city distributes its remaining trade points \
among three uses: gold, in the form of taxes, goes into your national \
treasury; luxury points influence citizen morale; and science points \
(\"bulbs\") contribute towards the discovery of new technology.\
"), _("\
You must choose a single ratio for your civilization by which trade \
points are distributed among these three uses. Though you may alter \
the tax rates on any turn, you are constrained to multiples of ten \
percent, and most forms of government limit their maximum value.\
"), _("\
Having this single ratio does not impact gold and science, because \
gold and technological progress are both empire-wide tallies. Luxury \
is more problematic, however, because its effect is local -- it affects \
only the city producing it. Thus, while it would be convenient for \
unhappy cities to invest all their trade in luxury while others \
invested in science or taxes instead, you will instead have to \
compromise among the needs of all your cities (although there may be \
ways to make local adjustments, such as assigning citizens as \
entertainers in the default ruleset). See the section on Happiness \
for more details on the effect of luxuries.\
"), _("\
Besides working terrain gifted with rare commodities, or with access \
to waterways and roads, you can increase trade by establishing trade \
routes between cities. In the default ruleset, you accomplish this by \
producing a Caravan or Freight unit, sending them to another city at \
least nine tiles away or belonging to a different civilization, and \
issuing the \"make trade route\" command. (The minimum distance can be \
changed with the 'trademindist' server option.)\
"), _("\
The origin civilization of the unit gains immediate revenue in gold \
and science from selling its trade goods at the destination city. The \
initial revenue depends on the trade already produced by the two \
cities involved and their distance apart. Some advances make \
transportation easier and reduce this one-time revenue.\
"), _("\
Also, an ongoing trade route is established that benefits both its \
origin and destination equally by generating trade points for each \
city every turn. The amount of ongoing trade increases with the size \
of each city and the distance between them; it is doubled if the \
cities are on different continents, and doubled again if the cities \
are from different civilizations. This last condition means the net \
benefit to your civilization of a trade route is the same regardless \
of whether you own both cities or only one of them; if you only own \
one city, trade in each city is doubled, but you only get the benefit \
from one end of the route.\
"), _("\
(If a trade route already exists between two cities, the origin \
civilization can still gain initial revenue by entering the \
marketplace and selling trade goods, but it is reduced to a third.)\
"), _("\
The number of trade routes per city is limited to four. If you attempt \
to establish more routes, the trade route with the smallest ongoing \
revenue is canceled if it would be less than the new route.\
"), _("\
Beware: in rulesets where plague is enabled, it can travel \
along trade routes. See the section on Plague for more details.\
"), _("\
To view the current trade routes of a city, click and hold over the \
Trade: line in the Overview tab in the city view.\
")

[help_cities]
name = _("Cities")
text = _("\
Cities are your sole instrument for developing natural resources and \
channeling them toward expansion, technological progress, and warfare.\
"), _("\
A city is created when Settlers are given the \"build city\" command \
on suitable terrain, removing the unit from play to provide the city \
with its first citizen. A city may grow to include dozens of citizens, \
some working within the city while others are dispatched as new \
settlers. Famine, war, and plague kill citizens and reduce population; \
with the loss of its last citizen a city disappears (in the default \
ruleset, this can leave ruins, although these have no effect on \
gameplay).\
"), _("\
Each city may work the terrain within its reach. In the default ruleset, \
this is a fixed radius of approximately three tiles, giving access to \
20 tiles on rectangular maps, or 18 tiles on hexagonal ones, in addition \
to the city center tile. In other rulesets it may be different, and may \
vary depending on factors such as the size of the city and known \
technologies.\
"), _("\
To extract resources from a tile, you must have a citizen working \
there. You cannot begin working a tile which a neighboring \
city is already working, nor can you work terrain upon which an enemy \
unit is standing, or terrain inside another player's borders. Thus you \
can simulate conditions of siege by stationing your units atop \
valuable resources around an enemy city. Units can also be ordered to \
pillage, which damages improvements. Workers, Settlers, and Engineers \
could even transform the terrain to make the tile less productive.\
"), _("\
The section on Terrain describes how the output of each tile is \
affected by the terrain, the presence of special resources such as \
game or minerals, and improvements like roads, irrigation, and mines. \
Note that the tile on which the city itself rests -- the city center \
-- gets worked for free, without being assigned a citizen. In the \
default ruleset, the city's tile always produces at least one food \
point and at least one production point regardless of terrain. It also \
gains whatever advantages the terrain offers with an irrigation system \
(because cities come with water systems built-in), but this may not be \
used as a basis for irrigating other tiles; for that, an irrigation \
system must be explicitly built on the tile (which will be of no \
further benefit to the city itself). Similarly, with sufficient \
technology and improvements, the city center automatically gets any \
bonus associated with Farmland. City centers are also automatically \
developed with roads and, when technology has made them available, \
railroads (because cities come with transportation built-in).\
"), _("\
The roles of citizens are controlled from the City dialog. Citizens \
working the land are represented by three numbers showing their output \
on the tile they are working. Clicking on these numbers will remove \
the citizen from the tile, turning them into a specialist (see the \
section on Specialists for more details); this can be seen in the \
row of citizen icons. You can click another tile to assign the citizen \
to work it, or click on the specialist icon to change their specialist \
role.\
"), _("\
Clicking on the city center tile in the city map will automatically \
choose citizen roles and tiles to work, with an emphasis on food \
production and hence growth. Citizen roles are also automatically \
assigned when a city grows; you may want to inspect cities that have \
just grown and adjust the role in which the new citizen has been \
placed. You can set different priorities for a city with the Citizen \
Governor; see its help section.\
"), _("\
Cities may be enhanced with a wide variety of buildings, which can \
improve their productivity, their military strength, or give them \
new abilities. See the sections on City Improvements and Wonders of \
the World for more information.\
")

[help_specialists]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Specialists")
text = _("\
The first citizens of each city usually work the land, each toiling to \
yield up the resources of one terrain tile. However, there may be \
other specialist roles citizens can assume; in fact, taking another \
role is the only way they can stop working. A city may outgrow the \
land available for it to work, in which case some citizens must become \
specialists.\
"), _("\
All specialists enjoy enough privilege to remain perpetually content -- \
they do not contribute to unhappiness or to celebration. See the \
section on Happiness for more details.\
"), _("\
This section describes the available specialist roles, their effects, \
and their requirements, if any.\
")

[help_gen_specialists]
generate = "  Specialists"

[help_happiness]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Happiness")
text = _("\
Keeping your citizens happy (or at least content) is one of the most \
important objectives in Freeciv. When your citizens become unhappy, \
your cities will fall into disorder, which disrupts production; but \
when your citizens are happy, your cities will celebrate, and your \
production will increase greatly. (If migration is enabled, happiness \
also affects the relative desirability of cities; see the section on \
Migration for details.)\
"), _("\
Each citizen working the land is either happy, content, unhappy, or \
angry. The normal state of a working citizen is contentment. However, \
as your cities grow larger, crowding causes citizens to become \
unhappy. In the default rules, each citizen in a city after the fourth \
will be generated unhappy, instead of content.\
"), _("\
If the number of unhappy citizens in a city exceeds the number of \
happy citizens, the city falls into disorder. A city in disorder \
produces no food or production surplus, science, or taxes; only luxury \
production remains. Cities which are in disorder are also easier for \
enemy Diplomats and Spies to incite to revolt. Prolonged disorder \
under Democracy can lead to a spontaneous national revolution, \
overthrowing your government.\
"), _("\
It should be stressed that only citizens working the land vary in \
morale -- specialists enjoy enough privilege to remain perpetually \
content (see the section on Specialists). Thus one solution to the \
problem of an unhappy citizen is simply to assign that citizen to \
the role of a specialist. But if cities are ever to work more than \
four terrain tiles at once, the problem of morale must be confronted \
more directly.\
"), _("\
There are many ways of making unhappy citizens content, which does \
prevent disorder but is without further benefit. Producing happy \
citizens can balance the effect of unhappy citizens and also bring other \
benefits.\
"), _("\
Cities with three or more citizens celebrate when at least half their \
citizens are happy and none remain unhappy. The effects of celebration \
vary depending on your government type; in the default ruleset:\
"), _("\
 - Under Anarchy or Despotism, you will not suffer the normal \
production penalty for tiles which produce more than 2 points of \
any resource (food, production, or trade).\
"), _("\
 - Under Monarchy or Communism, your city will gain the trade bonus \
of Republican/Democratic governments: 1 bonus trade point in any tile \
which already produces at least 1 trade.\
"), _("\
 - Under a Republic or a Democracy, your city will enter \"rapture\": \
its population will increase by 1 each turn until there is no excess \
food or until the number of happy citizens is no longer sufficient for \
celebration. Without rapture, large cities can grow only by struggling \
to produce a food surplus -- which can be difficult enough -- and then \
waiting dozens of turns for their granary to fill.\
"), _("\
In small empires, as already stated, the fifth citizen in each city is \
the first unhappy one. As you gain more cities, this limit actually \
decreases, to simulate the difficulty of imposing order upon a large \
empire. The precise thresholds depend on government type; see the \
section on Government for details.\
"),
; See content_citizens() in server/citytools.c.
_("\
Thus, you may find that founding or conquering a city triggers \
widespread disorder across your empire. Continued empire growth may \
lead to further penalty steps. In empires that grow beyond the point \
where no citizens are naturally content, angry citizens will appear; \
these must all be made merely unhappy before any unhappy citizens can \
be made content, but in all other respects behave as unhappy citizens.\
"),
; Behaviour of angry citizens is actually a bit more complicated than
; this. See city_refresh_from_main_map() in common/city.c.
_("\
Luxury makes citizens happy. For every two luxury points a city \
produces, one content citizen is made happy (if there are no content \
citizens left, unhappy citizens become content then happy). Each city \
receives back some of the trade points it produces as luxury points \
according to your empire's tax rates; see the section on Trade. Luxury \
points may also be produced by other means, such as entertainer \
specialists in the default ruleset.\
"), _("\
There are several city improvements that will make content those \
remaining citizens that are unhappy due to crowding, such as Temples \
and Colosseums in the default rules. Some wonders of the world can \
also have this effect. See the appropriate sections for details.\
"), _("\
Military units can affect city happiness. Under authoritarian regimes \
this is helpful, as military units stationed in a city can prevent \
unhappiness by imposing martial law. However, under representative \
governments, citizens become unhappy when their city is supporting \
military units which have been deployed into an aggressive stance. \
This includes units not inside your national borders, a friendly city \
(including the cities of your allies), or a suitable base within three \
tiles of a friendly city; however, certain units (\"field units\") \
are inherently aggressive and cause unhappiness regardless of \
location.\
"), _("\
This form of unhappiness is distinct from that caused by overcrowding, \
and cannot be offset by luxuries, or by most city improvements. In the \
default ruleset, only certain wonders -- such as J.S. Bach's Cathedral \
-- and one special building -- the Police Station -- can offset this \
form of unhappiness.\
"), _("\
The Happiness tab on the city dialog will give detailed insight into \
the mood of the citizenry and its causes.\
")

[help_pollution]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Pollution")
text = _("\
Pollution can plague large cities, especially as your civilization \
becomes more industrialized. The chance of pollution appearing around \
a city depends on the sum of its population, aggravated by several \
technology advances, and its production point output. When this sum \
exceeds 20, the excess is the percent chance of pollution appearing \
each turn; this percentage is shown in the city dialog. (This chance \
of pollution also affects the risk of plague, if enabled in the \
ruleset; see the section on Plague.)\
"), _("\
Pollution appears as gunk covering of the terrain tiles around the \
city. A polluted tile generates only half its usual food, production, \
and trade. The pollution can only be cleared by dispatching Workers, \
Settlers, or Engineers with the \"clean pollution\" order.\
"), _("\
When an unused tile becomes polluted, there is the temptation to avoid \
the effort of cleaning it; but the spread of pollution has far more \
terrible results -- every polluted tile increases the chance of global \
warming. Each time global warming advances, the entire world loses \
coastal land for jungles and swamps, and inland tiles are lost to \
desert. This tends to devastate cities and leads to global \
impoverishment.\
"), _("\
The risk of global warming is cumulative; the longer polluted tiles \
are left uncleaned, the higher the risk becomes, and the risk can \
linger for some time even after all pollution has been cleaned. If a \
long time passes with an elevated risk of warming, its effects will be \
all the more severe when it does occur.\
")

[help_plague]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Plague")
text = _("\
Plague is a ruleset option, and is not enabled in the default \
ruleset.\
"), _("\
When plague strikes a city, its population is reduced by one. Unless \
action is taken to reduce the risk of plague, this tends to act as a \
natural limit on city size. Rulesets which enable plague will \
typically have city improvements or other means to reduce the risk of \
plague.\
"), _("\
The risk of plague depends on city size (overcrowding leads to \
insanitary conditions) and on the pollution generated in a city. Also, \
plague can spread via trade routes (without regard for nationality); \
after a city has been struck by plague, it will remain infectious to \
its trade partners for several turns, increasing the risk of plague in \
those cities by a factor depending on the size of both cities.\
")

[help_migration]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Migration")
text = _("\
Migration is the movement of citizens from one city to another based \
on the relative attractions of living in each city. Whether migration \
is enabled is controlled by the server option `migration'; it is \
disabled by default.\
"), _("\
When migration is enabled, every few turns, a citizen of each city in \
the game may migrate to a nearby, more attractive city, either within \
the same nation or even across national borders (to a lesser extent, \
by default).\
"), _("\
You cannot directly prevent or direct the migration of citizens. \
However, you can influence the attractiveness of your cities. The \
following factors affect the perceived desirability of each city, in \
approximately decreasing order of importance. (Each factor counts for \
much more in the citizen's current city, as they prefer not to move \
without a compelling reason.)\
"), _("\
 - City size.\
"), _("\
 - The number of happy citizens. (To a lesser extent, unhappy and \
angry citizens reduce the desirability of a city.)\
"), _("\
 - The presence of any wonder in a city will greatly increase its \
desirability (further wonders do not contribute except by the lesser \
effect of their build cost).\
"), _("\
 - Capital cities are more attractive than other cities, all other \
factors being equal; in addition, citizens will never migrate out of a \
capital city.\
"), _("\
 - Food surplus. (A food deficit reduces the desirability of a city.)\
"), _("\
 - Cities that are further away are less desirable. The absolute \
maximum distance that a citizen is prepared to migrate is controlled \
by the server option `mgr_dist'.\
"), _("\
 - Trade surplus.\
"), _("\
 - Luxury and science output.\
"),_("\
 - The quantity of city improvements (and wonders), measured by build \
cost.\
"), _("\
 - Depending on the ruleset, a number of other factors such as \
government type and city improvements may increase or decrease the \
desirability of cities; these are noted in other sections of the help. \
(The default ruleset contains no such effects.)\
"), _("\
Citizens will not migrate to cities which cannot increase in size to \
support them, for instance due to lack of a city improvement such as \
an Aqueduct. If the server option `mgr_foodneeded' is set, they will \
not migrate to cities which would not have enough food to support them.\
"), _("\
Migration can even cause cities to be completely abandoned (ownership \
of any units being transferred to your nearest remaining city). \
However, cities with wonders will never be disbanded (so the wonder \
will not be destroyed), and the last citizen from your only remaining \
city will never migrate to another nation.\
"), _("\
Several of the details of migration can be changed with the `mgr_*' \
server options.\
")

[help_city_improvements]
name = _("City Improvements")
text = _("\
Cities may be improved with a wide variety of buildings, each with a \
different effect. Each city may have only one of each improvement, and \
some improvements require others to have been built first.\
"), _("\
It costs production points to build improvements, and once completed, \
many improvements require an upkeep of one or more gold pieces per \
turn. You may dismantle and sell an improvement, receiving one gold \
piece for each production point used in its construction, although you \
may only sell one improvement per city per turn. If a turn comes on \
which you cannot pay the upkeep on all of your improvements, some of \
them will be automatically sold; obviously this should be avoided as \
the improvements chosen might not be ones you would have preferred to \
sell.\
"), _("\
Most improvements become available only when you achieve certain \
technologies, while further advances can render some improvements \
obsolete, at which point they are automatically sold.\
")

[help_gen_improvements]
generate = " Improvements"

[help_wonders_of_the_world]
name = _("Wonders of the World")
text = _("\
Wonders are special buildings which can each be completed by \
only one player each game, and which often enhance their entire \
civilization. Unlike ordinary city improvements, which must be built \
with local production points, certain special units built in one city \
(Caravans and Freight in the default ruleset) can contribute their \
full cost in production points towards the construction of a wonder in \
another city.\
"), _("\
Once built, a wonder is placed in the city that constructed it, and \
cannot be sold or destroyed (unless the entire city is destroyed). \
However, some wonders are made obsolete by the discovery of a certain \
advance, and lose their effect. Note the asymmetry: while you must \
personally achieve the advance required by each wonder to build it, it \
will be disabled when any player achieves the obsoleting advance.\
")

[help_gen_wonders]
generate = " Wonders"

[help_units]
name = _("Units")
text = _("\
Units both offer mobility to your civilization and supply the violence \
with which it will survive and expand. The available units may be \
classified as military units, whose talents are those of defense and \
aggression, and a few noncombatants which support expansion, \
diplomacy, and trade.\
"), _("\
Units are usually built in cities using production points. Once built, \
units are owned by the city that built them (although they can later \
be re-homed while visiting a different city) and demand support from \
that city; this will be one of your major expenses. Most units require \
upkeep such as production points from their home city every turn, \
although some autocratic styles of government can force cities to \
support several units for free. A few units, particularly those that \
you start the game with, have no home city and thus require no upkeep.\
"), _("\
Units begin every turn with one or more movement points. Every action \
undertaken by a unit consumes movement points.\
"), _("\
The most basic action is movement; units can move into any of the \
tiles surrounding their current location, subject to restrictions \
imposed by their class, by diplomatic obligations (see the section on \
Diplomacy), and by enemy units (see the section on Zones of Control). \
The number of movement points consumed may depend on the type of \
terrain; see the Terrain help.\
"), _("\
A unit cannot move onto a tile occupied by an enemy unit, and when \
directed to do so will attack instead (if capable of attack), locking \
the two units in combat until one is destroyed. The outcome depends on \
the attributes of the units in question (hit points, attack and \
defense strength, and firepower); the Combat section describes the \
process in detail, and the following sections list specific units' \
attributes.\
"), _("\
Units' attributes can be further boosted by being veteran. Units may \
be built as veteran by means of certain city improvements or other \
influences; once built, units can also become veteran through \
experience (such as surviving combat), which may provide further \
levels of bonuses beyond those available from their initial training.\
"), _("\
Units which have been damaged in combat will regain hit points each \
turn in which they are not moved. Normally, a unit which has not \
moved will regain one hit point per turn. Units which are fortified \
gain an extra hit point. A unit which spends a turn in a city \
regains one third of its base hit points, and city improvements \
appropriate to the unit type can improve this further. In the field, \
bases on tiles can improve the recovery rate (for instance, fortresses \
in the default ruleset have this effect); units must stay on the tile \
for a whole turn to get this recovery bonus. Wonders can also boost \
recovery (such as the United Nations in the default ruleset). Damaged \
units in Sentry mode will wake up when they have regained all of their \
hit points.\
"), _("\
As technology advances, new types of units become available which \
obsolete existing types. When you discover such a new technology, \
your existing units remain intact, but you can no longer build \
new units of the obsolete type. While an obsolete unit is in one \
of your cities, you can choose to upgrade it to the latest equivalent \
by spending gold, with the cost increasing with the difference in \
production point cost between the two types. When a unit is upgraded, \
its hit points and movement points are preserved as a fraction of \
the total; however, in some rulesets (but not the default) it will lose \
some or all of its veteran levels.\
")

[help_gen_units]
generate = " Units"

[help_combat]
name = _("Combat")
text = _("Default Combat Rules\n---------------------"),
_("\
When one unit attacks another unit, either the attacker will be \
destroyed, or the defender will be destroyed -- never both (unless \
the attacker was a missile).  The outcome depends on several \
factors, including chance.\
"), _("\
The description below is for the default ruleset, but the principles \
are similar for any ruleset.  Notice that many bonuses are possible \
for defenders, but few for attackers, aside from veteran status; an \
attacking unit can mostly expect circumstance to work against it.\
"), _("\
First, the attacker's strength is modified.\
"), _("\
 - If the attacker is a veteran, its strength is multiplied by the \
bonus associated with its veteran level.\
"), _("\
Next, the defender's strength is modified.\
"), _("\
 - If the defender is a veteran, then its strength is multiplied by \
the bonus associated with its veteran level.\
"), _("\
 - Then the defender's strength is multiplied by the defense factor \
of the terrain it occupies.\
"), _("\
 - Next, the defender's strength is doubled if it is a Pikeman unit \
defending against a mounted unit.\
"), _("\
 - If the defender is an AEGIS Cruiser defending against airborne \
units (including missiles and Helicopters), the defense is \
quintupled.\
"), _("\
 - The defender's strength is doubled again if it is in a city with \
a SAM Battery and the attacker is an air unit (other than a \
Helicopter or a missile).\
"), _("\
 - An SDI Defense doubles the defender's strength against \
missile attacks.\
"), _("\
 - If the attacker is a ship and the defender is in a city with a \
Coastal Defense, the defender's strength is doubled.\
"), _("\
 - Against land units (other than Howitzers) and Helicopters, \
defending units in a city with City Walls have their strength \
tripled.\
"), _("\
 - If the defender is in a fortress (and not a city), its strength \
is doubled.\
"), _("\
 - If the defender is a land unit, and is either fortified or \
inside a city, its strength is multiplied by 1.5.\
"), _("\
 - Finally, if the attacker is a fighter and the defender is a \
helicopter, the defender's strength is halved.\
"), _("\
If, after these modifications, the attacker has a strength of 0, it \
automatically loses.  Otherwise, if the defender has a strength of \
0, the defender loses.\
"), _("\
The firepower of the attacker and defender are also modified.\
"), _("\
 - If the defender is a ship and is inside a city the firepower of \
the attacker is doubled and the firepower of the ship is set to 1.\
"), _("\
 - If a fighter is attacking a helicopter the firepower of the \
helicopter is set to 1.\
"), _("\
 - If a ship is attacking a land unit on land the firepower of both \
is set to 1.\
"), _("\
After these preliminaries, combat occurs, as long as both units are \
still alive (i.e., hit points are greater than 0).  Each round, a \
random number between 1 and the sum of the attacker's and defender's \
strengths is generated.  If this number is greater than the \
defender's strength, the defender loses hit points equal to the \
attacker's firepower.  Otherwise, the attacker loses hit points \
equal to the defender's firepower. The first unit to reach 0 hit \
points (or negative hit points) loses.\
"),
; /* Actually, that's a little white lie.  The random number is really
; from 0 to (A+D-1), and the comparison is ">=D", not ">D".  The
; odds are the same both ways, but I think my explanation may be a
; little simpler for non-programmers who may be reading this. */
; /* xgettext:no-c-format */
_("\
Whichever unit survives the fight has a chance of being promoted \
a veteran level.  In the default ruleset, if the winner's \
civilization has the Sun Tzu's War Academy (and if it isn't \
obsolete), the chance is increased by half.\
"), _("\
If the attacker is a land unit and wins, and the defender is in a \
city without City Walls, the city is reduced in size by 1.\
"), _("\
If the defender loses, and is not inside a city, fortress, or \
airbase, all other units at the defender's location are destroyed \
along with the defender.\
")

[help_combat_modifying]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Modifying Combat Rules")
text = _("Modifying Combat Rules\n----------------------"),
_("\
The combat rules described before can be modified by changing the \
following modifiers in game.ruleset, section combat_rules: \
"), _("\
 - killstack (default: 1). If set to 0, units on the same tile as a \
lost defender are not destroyed.\
"), _("\
 - tired_attack (default: 0). If set to 1, units that attack with \
only 2/3 or 1/3 moves left will attack with proportionally reduced \
strength.\
")

[help_combat_example_1]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Combat example 1")
text = _("\
Suppose a Cannon (A:8, D:1, HP:20, FP:1) attacks a Musketeer \
(A:3, D:3, HP:20, FP:1) inside a city with City Walls built \
on a Forest tile.  Neither are veteran.\
"), _("\
The defender's base strength is 3.  Because it is on a Forest tile, \
its strength becomes 4.5.  It is behind City Walls, so its strength \
is tripled, to 13.5.  It is a ground unit inside a city, so its \
strength is increased to 20.25.\
"), _("\
Strength values inside the game are actually multiplied by 10, with \
fractions dropped, so the attacker's strength is 80, and the \
defender's strength is 202.\
"), _("\
Both units keep their firepower of 1 unchanged.\
"), ; /* xgettext:no-c-format */
_("\
Each round of combat, a random number between 1 and 282 is \
generated.  If the number is greater than 202 (about a 28% chance), \
the defender loses 1 hit point.  Otherwise (about a 72% chance), the \
attacker loses 1 point.\
"), 
; /* Double-check my calculations....  Consider 28 rounds of combat.
; The attacker should win about 8 of them, taking 8 HP off the
; defender's 20 HP total.  The defender should win the other 20,
; killing the attacker. */
; /* xgettext:no-c-format */
_("\
Since both units have 20 hit points, the odds favor a victory for \
the defender.  The defender will probably lose somewhere around 40% \
of its hit points during the fight.  But the outcome is never \
certain as long as both units have non-zero strengths; the defender \
might emerge untouched, or it might lose most of its hit points, or \
it might even lose the battle.\
")

[help_combat_example_2]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Combat example 2")
text = _("\
Suppose a veteran Battleship (A:12, D:12, HP:40, FP:2) with 3 \
movement points attacks a veteran Alpine Troops (A:5, D:5, HP:20, \
FP:1) inside a city built on a Grassland tile, with City Walls and a \
Coastal Defense.\
"), _("\
The attacker's strength is 12, raised to 18 because of veteran \
status.\
"), _("\
The defender's strength is 5, raised to 7.5 due to veteran status. \
The terrain's defense factor is 1 (no effect).  The Coastal Defense \
doubles the defender's strength to 15. (The City Walls have no \
effect against attacking sea units.) The defender is a ground \
unit inside a city, so its total strength is 22.5.\
"), _("\
Internally, the values used for attacker and defender strength are \
180 and 225, respectively.\
"), _("\
The firepower of the Battleship is set from 2 to 1.\
"), ; /* xgettext:no-c-format */
_("\
Each round, a random number from 1 to 405 is generated.  If it is \
greater than 225 (about a 44% chance) the defender loses 1 hit \
point.  Otherwise, the attacker loses 1 hit point.\
"), 
; /* Please, someone double-check my probability computations! :-(
; Consider 44 rounds of combat: the Battleship should win 20 of
; them, and the Alpine Troops 24.  That's enough to kill the Alpine
; Troops (precisely to 0 hit points), and inflict 24 hit points on
; the Battleship's 40 HP total. */
; /* xgettext:no-c-format */
_("\
In this case, the odds greatly favor the attacker winning.  The \
Battleship is 25% less likely to score a hit in any given round, \
but the Battleship has twice as many hit points. The Battleship should \
expect to lose about 60% of its hit points during the fight, and should \
expect to have no movement points left.\
")

[help_zones_of_control]
name = _("Zones of Control")
text = _("\
Zones of Control, abbreviated as ZOC, is a game concept which \
prevents you moving freely in zones controlled (or partially \
controlled) by enemy forces.\
"), _("\
The general rule is that a land unit which is adjacent to an enemy \
occupied tile cannot move directly to another tile which is \
also adjacent to an enemy occupied tile.  Here an enemy occupied \
tile means a land tile with a foreign unit on it.  Adjacency \
means any of the eight tiles surrounding a unit for rectangular \
grids, or six tiles for hexagonal grids.\
"), _("\
In the following special cases ZOC does not apply:\n\
- A unit moving directly into or out of a city.\n\
- A unit moving onto a tile occupied by a friendly unit.\n\
- A unit moving from an ocean tile (disembarking from a boat).\n\
- A unit type which explicitly ignores ZOC, eg Diplomats and Spies.\n\
- The foreign unit is from a nation with which you have an Alliance \
pact.\
"), _("\
Notes:\
\n\n\
- Only land units are restricted by ZOC.\
\n\n\
- Non-land units can impose ZOC (that is, count as enemy occupied \
tiles), but only if they are on a land tile.  So effectively \
sea units cannot impose ZOC (unless they are in a city), and air \
units (including helicopters) do not impose ZOC if they are over \
ocean tiles.\
\n\n\
- ZOC does not restrict unit attacks, only movement.\
\n\n\
- An enemy city counts as an enemy occupied tile if there are \
any units inside the city, but not if the city is empty. (This is \
the same rule as for any other tile).\
\n\n\
- Moving from an ocean tile is a special case; moving _to_ an \
ocean tile (moving back onto a boat) is also permitted, by the \
special case of moving onto a friendly unit (the boat).\
"), _("\
TIP:  You can infiltrate enemy zones by first moving in a Diplomat \
(or some other unit which ignores ZOC), and then moving regular \
units onto the tile now occupied by the Diplomat. \
By repeating this process (and optionally leaving some units \
behind to keep tiles occupied), you can make a path through \
enemy territory.\
"), _("\
These rules differ slightly from previous versions of Freeciv \
(release 1.8.0 and before) in the following ways:\n\
- Enemy cities with no units in them no longer impose ZOC.\n\
- The special case for land units disembarking is new.\
")

[help_government]
name = _("Government")
text = _("\
Your government type influences your cities' productivity and \
commerce, your citizens' happiness, and many other game factors.\
"), _("\
Your civilization starts out under a Despotism.  As your technology \
improves, you can select other forms of government (listed below). \
In order to change your form of government, you must start a \
revolution.  This will cause your civilization to undergo a period \
of Anarchy (lasting 1-5 turns); at the end of this time, you will be \
able to choose your new government.\
"), _("\
TIP 1:  Offensive military campaigns are difficult under Republican \
and Democratic governments unless you give your citizens \
lots of luxuries to keep them happy.  When conquering other \
civilizations, it may be helpful to switch to one of the more \
militant styles of government.\
"), _("\
TIP 2:  Scientific advancement requires high levels of trade, which \
are much easier to achieve under Republican and Democratic \
governments.  Consider switching to the Republic as soon as \
you can; gaining advanced technology early in the game puts \
you at an advantage.\
")

[help_civil_war]
; /* TRANS: Preserve the leading space: it controls nesting */
name = _(" Civil War")
text = _("\
Civil war is devastating to any empire, and is triggered by \
the loss of your capital (palace).  Up to half of your cities \
will rebel and declare allegiance to a new (AI) leader, who \
will loot half of your treasury and retain all of your \
scientific advances.\
"), _("\
Players remain in the civil war state for just one turn, after \
which the empire enters a state of anarchy.\
"), _("\
The capture of your capital does not always lead to civil war.  If \
you have treated your people with kindness, you are more likely to \
retain their loyalty.  Each city that is celebrating reduces the \
chance of civil war, while each city in disorder increases the \
likelihood.\
"), _("\
In addition, the form of government directly contributes to the \
chance of civil war.  Governments with universal franchise are \
far less likely to revolt than those more despotic in nature.\
"), _("\
The number of cities an empire needs before it can erupt into \
civil war is by default 10.  That is, empires with fewer than 10 \
cities are immune from civil war.  However, this is a server \
option, and may vary upwards from a minimum of 6.\
")

[help_gen_governments]
generate = " Governments"

[help_diplomacy]
name = _("Diplomacy")
text = _("\
There are five diplomatic states between players: War, \
Cease-fire, Armistice, Peace, and Alliance. The first is the natural state, \
while the others can be achieved by signing diplomatic treaties.\
"), _("\
During War, you can freely move your units inside enemy territory and \
attack their units and cities at will.\
"), _("\
When two players decide to end hostilities between them, they can \
agree on a Cease-fire treaty. This prevents each player from \
attacking the other, but you can still move your units inside \
the other player's borders. After a set number of turns, the Cease-fire \
will lead back to War. Upon first contact with an AI player, it will \
automatically offer you a Cease-fire treaty.\
"), _("\
If you wish for a more permanent peaceful coexistence with another \
player, you may sign a peace pact. This will enter a transitional \
Armistice state, which after another set number of turns \
will turn into a permanent Peace. Breaking an Armistice will drop \
you directly back to War.\
"), _("\
At the moment two players enter into the diplomatic state of Peace, \
all units belonging to either player that happen to be within the other's \
borders will be automatically disbanded according to the treaty. After \
this, you may not move units into the other's territory until you either \
declare War, or forge an Alliance. Breaking a Peace treaty will drop you \
directly back to War.\
"), _("\
An Alliance is the ultimate diplomatic relationship between two players. \
In this state, you may move units into each other's cities and your units \
may share the same tile; units no longer impose zones of control. \
However, alliance treaties come with obligations; you won't be able to \
ally with a player that is at war with a current ally unless you break \
the first treaty. If one of your allies declares war on another, the \
alliance with the aggressor is automatically broken. Breaking an Alliance \
will drop you to an Armistice treaty. An allied AI player will freely \
give you its world maps and shared vision, and will seriously consider \
trading technologies and cities, but in return will expect you to join \
its wars against other players.\
")

[help_technology]
name = _("Technology")
text = _("\
Research into technology is a necessity for improving the ability of \
your civilization to develop new military units and city \
improvements.\
"), _("\
There are a few ways to gain advances from other civilizations: you \
will sometimes discover enemy technology when you capture a city; you \
can steal advances with Diplomats and Spies; wonders can provide you \
with technology; and another player might grant technology in the \
terms of a pact. But otherwise advances must be discovered through the \
efforts of your own people.\
"), _("\
Most technology progress comes from trade (see the Trade section) and, \
in the default ruleset, from scientist specialists (see the Specialists \
section). While it is possible to change which advance you are \
currently researching, by default all progress is lost by doing so.\
"), _("\
While the majority of the resulting research output (\"bulbs\") \
usually goes toward advancing technology, in some rulesets (but not \
the default), some of it may be diverted to maintain expertise in \
existing technologies; the quantity required for technology upkeep \
increases with the total research cost of all advances known to you. \
The state of advancement at which you start paying this upkeep may \
depend on factors such as your government type. If research output \
drops below that required for upkeep, your civilization will forget \
a random advance, requiring it to be researched again.\
"), _("\
Technological advances can render units, city improvements, and \
wonders obsolete. While obsolete units merely become impossible for \
you to make -- leaving the ones you have already made intact -- \
obsolete improvements are immediately sold, and obsolete wonders lose \
their effect. See the relevant sections for more information.\
")

[help_gen_techs]
generate = " Techs"

[help_space_race]
name = _("Space Race")
text = _("\
The Space Race is a second option to win the game, besides \
eliminating all other civilizations.  If your spaceship arrives \
first at Alpha Centauri, the game is over and you have won. \
(However it is possible for this option to be off as a server \
option.)\
"), _("\
Before you can build spaceship parts, the Apollo Program wonder \
must have been built by any player.  You also need specific \
technologies to build the different spaceship parts: see the \
help texts for Space Structural, Space Component, and Space Module, \
under City Improvements.  (If there are no help texts for these \
items, it probably means the spacerace server option is off for \
your game.)\
"), _("\
When you have started building your spaceship, you can see it with \
the \"Spaceship\" command in the Report menu.  To see spaceships of \
other players, select the player in the Players dialog and click \
\"Spaceship\".\
"), _("\
If the success probability is below 100%, some fraction of the \
people on board may not survive the journey.  This reduces the \
score bonus from the spaceship, but it still counts as a win.\
"), _("\
If the capital of a civilization is captured, a spaceship that has \
been launched will be lost, so defend your capital well!\
"), _("\
TIP:  If an enemy civilization has launched a spaceship, try to \
quickly build a light spaceship with many propulsion units \
that will arrive earlier.  The only other option is to capture \
their capital.\
")

[help_gen_ruleset]
generate = "Ruleset"

[help_nations]
name = _("About Nations")
text = _("\
Each player in the game is represented by a nation. A nation can be a \
modern-day nation state, a historical state or empire, an ethnic group, \
or even a fictional nation. Nations are distinguished by their flags, \
leaders and city names, but are identical in all other aspects and play \
by the same rules.")

[help_gen_nations]
generate = " Nations"

[help_connecting]
name = _("Connecting")
text = _("\
Before a game is started, anyone can connect to the server \
by supplying its hostname and port number (5556 by default). \
If the server is started with the -m flag, it will report to \
the metaserver,\
"), "\
  http://meta.freeciv.org/metaserver.phtml\
", _("\
The client can fetch this page, too: use the Metaserver button \
in the connection dialog.  If it never shows any results, check \
whether your WWW browser is using a HTTP proxy; to make civclient \
use the same proxy, before starting civclient, \
set the $http_proxy environment variable to:\
"), "\
  http://proxyhost:proxyportnumber/\
", _("\
When the game has started, everyone can connect as any player who \
isn't already connected, including AI players.  Merely connecting \
to an AI player doesn't make it human controlled; this is an \
independent server setting.  If you lose connection early in \
the game and reconnect, use the name you chose for your ruler, \
not your original nickname!  If the server is reporting on the \
metaserver, the player names can be found there.\
")

[help_controls]
name = _("Controls")
text = _("\
Unit Orders:\n\
============\n\
  a: (a)uto-settler  (settler/worker units)\n\
  b: (b)uild city  (settler units)\n\
  b: help (b)uild wonder  (caravan units)\n\
  B: go to and (B)uild city on target tile  (settler units)\n\
  d: (d)iplomat/spy actions  (diplomat/spy units)\n\
  D: (D)isband unit\n\
  e: build airbas(e)  (airbase units)\n\
  f: (f)ortify unit  (military units)\n\
  f: build (f)ortress  (settler/worker units)\n\
  g: (g)o to tile  (then left-click mouse to select target tile)\n\
  g: add a (g)o-to waypoint  (when in go-to mode)\n\
  G: return unit to nearest city\n\
  h: set unit's (h)omecity  (to city on current tile)\n\
  i: build (i)rrigation or convert terrain  (settler/worker units)\n\
  I: connect current and target tile with (I)rrigation\n\
  I: set an (I)rrigation waypoint  (when connecting with irrigation)\n\
  l: (l)oad unit on transporter\n\
  L: connect current and target tile with rai(L)\n\
  L: set a rai(L) waypoint  (when connecting with rail)\n\
  m: build (m)ine or convert terrain  (settler/worker units)\n\
  n: clean (n)uclear fallout\n\
  N: explode (N)uclear\n\
  o: transf(o)rm terrain  (engineer unit)\n\
  p: clean (p)ollution  (settler/worker units)\n\
  p: drop (p)aratrooper  (paratroop units)\n\
  P: (P)illage  (destroy terrain alteration)\n\
  q: patrol with unit  (then left-click mouse to select other endpoint)\n\
  q: add a patrol waypoint  (when in patrol mode)\n\
  r: build (r)oad/railroad  (settler/worker units)\n\
  r: establish trade (r)oute  (caravan units)\n\
  R: connect current and target tile with (R)oad\n\
  R: set a (R)oad waypoint  (when connecting with road)\n\
  s: (s)entry unit\n\
  S: un(S)entry all units on tile\n\
  t: unit go (t)o/airlift to city\n\
  T: unload all units from (T)ransporter\n\
  u: (u)nload unit from transporter\n\
  U: (U)pgrade unit\n\
  x: unit auto e(x)plore\n\
"), _("\
Unit Selection:\n\
==============\n\
  z: select only first unit of selected group\n\
  v: select all units on tile\n\
  V: (on tile) select all units of the same type as the active unit\n\
  C: (on continent) select all units of the same type as the active unit\n\
  X: (everywhere) select all units of the same type as the active unit\n\
\n\
  w: (w)ait: focus on next unit\n\
  5: focus on previous unit\n\
space: done giving orders  (unit stays put)\n\
"), _("\
Unit Movement:\n\
==============\n\
  1: move south-west\n\
  2: move south\n\
  3: move south-east\n\
  4: move west\n\
  6: move east\n\
  7: move north-west\n\
  8: move north\n\
  9: move north-east\n\
"), _("\
Main Map (Keys):\n\
================\n\
  c: (c)enter view on active unit\n\
    Shift-home: center view on capital\n\
  Shift-arrows: scroll map\n\
\n\
  Ctrl-B: show/hide national borders\n\
  Ctrl-D: show/hide city trade routes\n\
  Ctrl-G: show/hide map grid lines\n\
  Ctrl-N: show/hide city names\n\
  Ctrl-P: show/hide city production\n\
  Ctrl-R: show/hide city growth\n\
  Ctrl-W: show/hide city output\n\
  Ctrl-Y: show/hide city outlines\n\
"), _("\
Main Map (Mouse):\n\
=================\n\
  Left-click on city:          Pop up city dialog\n\
  Left-click on unit:          Activate unit\n\
  Left-click-and-drag on unit: Go-to command for unit\n\
                               (if keyboardless goto enabled in options)\n\
  Center-click:                Show tile info\n\
  Right-click:                 Center tile in view\n\
\n\
  Shift-Left-click:            Copy production (GTK)\n\
  Shift-Right-click on city:   Paste production into city (GTK)\n\
\n\
  Shift-Control-Left-click:    Adjust city workers\n\
  Control-Center-click:        Wake up sentried units\n\
  Shift-Alt-Right-click:       Show city workers (mouse over or near city)\n\
\n\
  Area Selection mode (GTK):\n\
  ==========================\n\
  Right-click-and-drag: Enter Area Selection mode\n\
  Left-click:           Toggle tile highlighting\n\
  Shift-Right-click:    Paste production into highlighted cities\n\
  Right-click:          Cancel Area Selection mode\n\
\n\
  The cities that become highlighted on the map,\n\
  will also be highlighted in the City Report.\
"), _("\
Dialogs and Reports:\n\
====================\n\
     F1: show Map View\n\
     F2: open Unit Report\n\
     F3: open Nations Report\n\
     F4: open City Report\n\
     F5: open Economy Report\n\
     F6: open Research Report\n\
     F7: open World Wonders\n\
     F8: open Top Five Cities\n\
     F9: open Messages dialog\n\
    F11: open Demographics\n\
    F12: open Spaceship\n\
\n\
        Ctrl-F: open Find City dialog\n\
        Ctrl-L: open Worklists dialog\n\
        Ctrl-T: open Tax/Lux/Sci Rates dialog\n\
  Shift-Ctrl-R: open Revolution dialog\n\
\n\
Shift-Return: Turn done\
"), _("\
Editing Mode (GTK):\n\
===================\n\
    Ctrl-E: toggle editing mode\n\
    Ctrl-M: toggle fog of war in editing mode\n\
")

[help_governor]
name = _("Citizen Governor")
text = _("\
The Citizen Governor (formerly called the CMA) helps you manage your cities. \
It deploys the available workers on the free tiles around the \
city to achieve maximal city output. It also changes workers to \
specialists, if appropriate. And the governor has another ability: \
whenever possible, it keeps your cities content.\
"), _("\
There are various means to tell the governor what kind of output you \
would like. Open the city window and click on the governor tab. There \
are two kinds of sliders: On the left, you can set a Minimal \
Surplus for each kind of production; e.g. Gold = +3 means the city \
earns 3 gold more than it needs to upkeep its improvements. On the \
right, the sliders let you define by how much you prefer one kind \
of production to another; setting science to 3 means you prefer a \
single bulb to three shields (or gold, trade,...). You can set \
different factors for each kind of production, according to your \
needs.\
"), _("\
If you set up some Minimal Surpluses which are impossible to fulfill, \
the governor can't be activated. Whenever the governor can't fulfill its task \
in the ongoing game, it passes back control to you. So you'd better \
not define too high a surplus; instead, use factors to achieve your \
goals.\
"), _("\
The Celebrate checkbox lets your city - celebrate. This will work \
only with a high luxury rate. See help about 'Happiness'.\
"), _("\
Clicking on 'Control city' puts the city under control of \
the governor, 'Release city' passes control back to you.\
"), _("\
For ease of use, you can save your slider setting as a preset \
with a name. Click on 'add preset' and enter a name for your \
setting. You can use this preset in every city by just clicking \
on its name. Also, you can control your setting from within the \
city report, in the governor column. And you can change it from there \
(use 'change' --> 'Citizen Governor'), if you have saved it as a preset.\
"), _("\
Use 'Game' --> 'Options' --> 'Save Settings' to store your presets \
permanently.\
"), _("\
But beware! If you use the governor for some of your cities, you will \
encounter some difficulties with managing cities nearby, by hand. \
It's best to manage all cities on an island either by hand or by \
governor. Read more hints, some background information, and some \
preset examples in the file README.cma, included with Freeciv.\
")

[help_chatline]
name = _("Chatline")
text = _("\
The client has a primitive chat interface.  The lines you type \
are sent to all players, except:\
"), _("\
  - Messages starting with '/' are interpreted as server commands \
and executed, if you have the required access level.\
"), _("\
  - Messages starting with 'John:' are private messages to 'John'. \
Names can be abbreviated. The server looks for players named 'John' \
and if that fails tries to match a username beginning with 'John' (like \
'Johnathan').\
"), _("\
  - Messages starting with 'John::' are private messages as above, but \
will match only users (not players) named 'John'.  'Johnathan' will \
still match.\
"), _("\
  - Messages starting with '.' will be sent only to all your allies.\
"), _("\
Featured text (GTK):\n\
====================\n\
\n\
Since 2.2, the GTK client has featured text support.  This feature allows \
users to format the chat messages they are sending using boldface, italic, \
colors, links, etc...  Such changes are performed using escape sequences.\
"), _("\
* Getting boldface:\n\
Full name sequence: '[bold] ... [/bold]'\n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[b] ... [/b]'\n\
Short cut in the entry: Ctrl-B\n\
Example: '[b]bold[/b]' will display the word 'bold' in bold style.\
"), _("\
* Getting colors:\n\
Full name sequence: '[color] ... [/color]' \n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[c] ... [/c]'\n\
Short cut in the entry: Ctrl-C (you also need to select the color in the \
toolbar over the entry)\n\
The color start sequence always takes at least one of the following \
parameters:\n\
- 'foreground' (abbreviation 'fg'): a color name such as red, or a hex \
specification such as #3050b2 or #35b.\n\
- 'background' (abbreviation 'bg'): same as above.\n\
Example: '[c fg=\"blue\" bg=\"yellow\"]color[/c]' will display the word \
'color' in blue on a yellow background.\
"), _("\
* Getting italic:\n\
Full name sequence: '[italic] ... [/italic]'\n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[i] ... [/i]'\n\
Short cut in the entry: Ctrl-I\n\
Example: '[i]italic[/i]' will display the word 'italic' in italic style.\
"), _("\
* Getting strikethrough:\n\
Full name sequence: '[strike] ... [/strike]'\n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[s] ... [/s]'\n\
Short cut in the entry: Ctrl-S\n\
Example: '[s]strikethrough[/s]' will display the word 'strikethrough' with \
a strike.\
"), _("\
* Getting underline:\n\
Full name sequence: '[underline] ... [/underline]'\n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[u] ... [/u]'\n\
Short cut in the entry: Ctrl-U\n\
Example: '[u]underlined[/u]' will display the word 'underlined' with an \
underline.\
"), _("\
* Getting city links:\n\
Full name sequence: '[link target=\"city\"] ... [/link]'\n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[l tgt=\"city\"] ... [/l]'\n\
Short cut: Control-Alt-Right-click on a city on the map.\n\
The 'id' parameter must be set to the id of the city you are pointing.\n\
An optional 'name' parameter can be set to bind the city name in the case \
the destination users don't know this city on their map.\n\
This expression can also be started and finished within the same pair of \
brackets, like '[link target=\"city\" id=121 /]' (note the slash at the \
end).\n\
Examples: '[l tgt=\"city\" id=65]city[/l]' will make the word 'city' \
clickable and pointing to the city id 65.\n\
'[l tgt=\"city\" id=65 name=\"noname\" /]' will display the name of the \
city id 65 if known, else, the word 'noname'.\
"), _("\
* Getting tile links:\n\
Full name sequence: '[link target=\"tile\"] ... [/link]'\n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[l tgt=\"tile\"] ... [/l]'\n\
Short cut: Control-Alt-Right-click on a tile without city on the map.\n\
The 'x' and 'y' parameters must be set to the tile location you are \
pointing.\n\
This expression can also be started and finished within the same pair of \
brackets, like '[link target=\"tile\" x=5 y=36 /]' (note the slash at the \
end).\n\
Example: '[l tgt=\"tile\" x=17 y=3]this tile[/l]' will make the string \
'this tile' clickable and pointing to the tile (17, 3).\
"), _("\
* Getting unit links:\n\
Full name sequence: '[link target=\"unit\"] ... [/link]'\n\
Abbreviation sequence: '[l tgt=\"unit\"] ... [/l]'\n\
Short cut: Shift-Control-Alt-Right-click on a unit on the map.\n\
The 'id' parameter must be set to the id of the unit you are pointing to.  \
An optional 'name' parameter can be set to bind the unit name in the case \
the destination users don't know this unit on their map.\n\
This expression can also be started and finished within the same pair of \
brackets, like '[link target=\"unit\" id=109 /]' (note the slash at the \
end).\n\
Examples: '[l tgt=\"unit\" id=235]unit[/l]' will make the word 'unit' \
clickable and pointing to the unit id 235.\n\
'[l tgt=\"unit\" id=235 name=\"Warrior\" /]' will display the name of the \
unit id 235 if known, else, the word 'Warrior'.\
"), _("\
Of course, the different escape sequences can be combined in the same \
sentence, like '[i][c fg=\"blue\"]this [b]is [s]funny[c bg=\"green\"] \
[u]to[/i] test[/b] this[/s] [/c]new[/u] feature[/c]'.\
")

[help_worklist_editor]
name = _("Worklist Editor")
text = _("\
The worklist editor is used to edit both worklists for each city (from the \
city dialog) and global worklists. Using this editor you can create lists \
specifying what to build in the turns to come.\
"), _("\
To add an item to the worklist, double-click the desired item in the list \
of available items. You can also press the Help button to get help on the \
selected item. Pressing Help with no item selected will display this page.\
"), _("\
To remove an item from the worklist simply double-click the item to remove. \
Use the buttons below the worklist to move items up and/or down in the list.\
"), _("\
Keyboard shortcuts: Home to focus the worklist, End to focus the available \
list, Up/Down arrows to select previous/next item \
in worklist or available list, PageUp/Down to move items up/down \
in the worklist, Insert to insert items from the available list into \
the worklist and Delete to delete the selected item from the worklist.\
"), _("\
If you want to buy the unit that's first on the list, you can do that \
from the City Overview window.\
")

[help_languages]
name = _("Languages")
text = _("\
Freeciv supports several local languages.  See the Native \
Language Support section of the README file for instructions \
on how to use one of these languages.\
\n\n\
First, check whether a localization is already in progress \
for your language:\
"), "\
  http://www.freeciv.org/wiki/Translations\
", _("\
If you would like to add a localization (translation) for your \
language, please see the instructions at:\
"), "\
  http://www.freeciv.org/wiki/Localization\
", _("\
You are also welcome to send any questions to the translation \
mailing list:\
"), "\
  freeciv-i18n@gna.org\
"

[help_copying]         

; Note: GPL text is _deliberately_ not i18n-marked.
; We may want to do something (eg, include FSF-authorised translations
; as well as English where appropriate?) but not simply bundle with
; other translations.  Would be nicer to have means to just keep 
; COPYING itself in datadir, and slurp from there into help somehow...

name = _("Copying")
text = _("\
Freeciv is covered by the GPL, which is included here: \
"), "\
                   GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n\
                      Version 2, June 1991\n\
\n\
 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n\
             59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA\n\
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\n\
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\n\
\n\
                             Preamble\n\
", "\
  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your \
freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public \
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change \
free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. \
This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software \
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit \
to using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is \
covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can \
apply it to your programs, too.\
", "\
  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not \
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that \
you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and \
charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code \
or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or \
use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do \
these things.\
", "\
  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid \
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the \
rights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities \
for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify \
it.\
", "\
  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether \
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights \
that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can \
get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they \
know their rights.\
", "\
  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, \
and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to \
copy, distribute and/or modify the software.\
", "\
  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make \
certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this \
free software.  If the software is modified by someone else and \
passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not \
the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not \
reflect on the original authors' reputations.\
", "\
  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software \
patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free \
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making \
the program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear \
that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not \
licensed at all.\
", "\
  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and \
modification follow.\
", "\
                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\n\
   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION \
", "\
  0. This License applies to any program or other work which \
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be \
distributed under the terms of this General Public License.  The \
\"Program\", below, refers to any such program or work, and a \"work \
based on the Program\" means either the Program or any derivative \
work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the \
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications \
and/or translated into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation \
is included without limitation in the term \"modification\".)  Each \
licensee is addressed as \"you\".\
", "\
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not \
covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of \
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the \
Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on \
the Program (independent of having been made by running the \
Program).  Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.\
", "\
  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's \
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you \
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate \
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the \
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any \
warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of \
this License along with the Program.\
", "\
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, \
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for \
a fee.\
", "\
  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any \
portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy \
and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section \
1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\
", "\
    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices \
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\
", "\
    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that \
in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or \
any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all \
third parties under the terms of this License.\
", "\
    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively \
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such \
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an \
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a \
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you \
provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program \
under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy \
of this License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is \
interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, \
your work based on the Program is not required to print an \
announcement.)\
", "\
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If \
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, \
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in \
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those \
sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you \
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work \
based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the \
terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend \
to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of \
who wrote it.\
", "\
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or \
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the \
intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of \
derivative or collective works based on the Program.\
", "\
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the \
Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a \
volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other \
work under the scope of this License.\
", "\
  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, \
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms \
of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the \
following:\
", "\
    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable \
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of \
Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software \
interchange; or,\
", "\
    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three \
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your \
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete \
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be \
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a \
medium customarily used for software interchange; or,\
", "\
    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the \
offer to distribute corresponding source code.  (This \
alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and \
only if you received the program in object code or executable \
form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)\
", "\
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for \
making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source \
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any \
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to \
control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as \
a special exception, the source code distributed need not include \
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary \
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the \
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component \
itself accompanies the executable.\
", "\
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering \
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent \
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as \
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not \
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.\
", "\
  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program \
except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt \
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is \
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this \
License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from \
you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so \
long as such parties remain in full compliance.\
", "\
  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not \
signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or \
distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are \
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by \
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the \
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and \
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying \
the Program or works based on it.\
", "\
  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on \
the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from \
the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program \
subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any \
further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights \
granted herein.  You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by \
third parties to this License.\
", "\
  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgement or allegation of \
patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent \
issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, \
agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this \
License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. \
If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your \
obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, \
then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. \
For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free \
redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies \
directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could \
satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from \
distribution of the Program.\
", "\
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable \
under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is \
intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in \
other circumstances.\
", "\
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any \
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any \
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the \
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is \
implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made \
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed \
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that \
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is \
willing to distribute software through any other system and a \
licensee cannot impose that choice.\
", "\
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed \
to be a consequence of the rest of this License.\
", "\
  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in \
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, \
the original copyright holder who places the Program under this \
License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation \
excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in \
or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License \
incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this \
License.\
", "\
  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new \
versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new \
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may \
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\
", "\
Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the \
Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to \
it and \"any later version\", you have the option of following the \
terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version \
published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not \
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version \
ever published by the Free Software Foundation.\
", "\
  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other \
free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to \
the author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted \
by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software \
Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision \
will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all \
derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and \
reuse of software generally.\
", "\
                            NO WARRANTY\
", "\
  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO \
WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. \
EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR \
OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY \
KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, \
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A \
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND \
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE \
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR \
CORRECTION.\
", "\
  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN \
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY \
AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU \
FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR \
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE \
PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING \
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A \
FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF \
SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF \
SUCH DAMAGES.\
", "\
                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\n\
                         ------------------\
"

[help_about]
name = _("About Freeciv")
text = _("\
  Original authors:\n\
    (they are no longer involved, please don't mail them!)\
"), "\
            Allan Ove Kjeldbjerg - allan@daimi.aau.dk\n\
            Claus Leth Gregersen - leth@daimi.aau.dk\n\
            Peter Joachim Unold  - pjunold@daimi.aau.dk\
", _("\
  Present administrators: \
"), "\
            Marko Lindqvist      - cazfi74@gmail.com\n\
            R. Daniel Markstedt  - markstedt@gmail.com\n\
            Christian Prochaska  - cp.ml.freeciv.dev@googlemail.com\n\
", _("\
If you find any bugs, then please send us a bug report.  This is \
best done by visiting the Freeciv Bug Tracking System, at:\
"), "\
  http://gna.org/projects/freeciv/\
", _("\
For more information about submitting bug reports see the file BUGS \
in the Freeciv distribution.  For more information in general, \
visit the Freeciv website, at:\
"), "\
  http://www.freeciv.org/\
"
